Abstract

Marine plastic pollution is an increasingly serious environmental problem affecting oceanic ecosystems and biodiversity. The study assesses the sources, distribution, and ecological impacts of marine plastic pollution, which include physiological effects on marine organisms, disruption of ecosystem processes, and socioeconomic consequences of biodiversity loss. Using qualitative analysis from literature reviews and case studies, the results show widespread plastic pollution that reaches from the surface waters to the deep sea, with significant implications for ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and habitat provision. Mitigating strategies include policy interventions, technological advancement, and community engagement in addressing the crisis. This study highlights the need for the development of comprehensive, scalable solutions for the protection of marine biodiversity and sustainable management of oceans.