Abstract

This paper discusses the use of nanoparticles as diesel fuel additives, with a focus on their potential to improve performance and minimize emissions. It is based on a qualitative literature review in three aspects: the influence of nanoparticles on engine performance, the impact of nanoparticles on emission reduction, and interactions between nanoparticles and biodiesel-alcohol fuel blends. Significant improvements in combustion efficiency and thermal properties have been observed with nanoparticle additives, resulting in higher power output and lower emissions of NOx and particulate matter. Nanoparticles also have been shown to synergize well with biodiesel and alcohol blends, thereby optimizing fuel properties and emissions profiles. However, despite such significant advancements, inconsistencies in the results obtained, optimization of nanoparticle formulations, and understanding long-term impacts pose challenges. This study points out the potential of nanoparticles in the development of sustainable diesel engine technology and highlights areas for further exploration.