Abstract

This research work is concerned with the effect of e-cigarette smoke on the antioxidant defense system in rats, using GPx and CAT as the marker enzymes. The quantitative study investigated the effects of different nicotine concentrations (3, 6, and 9 mg) over a period of 30 days. Five hypotheses were developed to study the relationship between nicotine exposure, GPx and CAT levels, total oxidative stress, and metabolic rates. The results of these findings confirmed that high concentrations of nicotine significantly decrease GPx and CAT activity, enhance oxidative stress, and modify metabolic stability. Such an effect demonstrates the dangers from the perspective of e-cigarettes smoking and underlines a significant necessity for further scientific investigations on long-term implications from its influence on antioxidant systems and metabolic functions. Thus, the paper discusses essential biochemical consequences of cigarette use and emphasizes the role of antioxidant defenses in compensating for oxidative stress.